Precancerous oral lesions are abnormal growths or changes in the mouth's tissues that, if left untreated, can develop into oral cancer. Identifying and addressing these lesions early can prevent the progression into cancer and improve long-term outcomes.
Common Types of Precancerous Oral Lesions
- Leukoplakia: A white patch or plaque that forms on the mucous membranes of the mouth—while not all cancerous, they have the potential to develop into cancer, especially if they persist over time or show signs of dysplasia (abnormal cell growth)
- Erythroplakia: A red patch in the mouth, which is typically painless but often more dangerous than leukoplakia, as it has a higher likelihood of containing precancerous or cancerous cells
- Oral submucous fibrosis: A chronic condition that results in the stiffening of the oral mucosa and can lead to reduced mouth opening, pain, and a heightened risk of oral cancer
- Oral lichen planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white, lace-like patches or red, swollen areas inside the mouth, which may increase the risk of developing oral cancer